Monga wopereka chithandizo mu makampani kudzikonda zomatira ndi zambiri kuposaZaka 30 zakuchitikira, ineyo ndikuganiza kuti mfundo zitatu zotsatirazi ndi zofunika kwambiri:
1. Ziyeneretso za ogulitsa: wunikani ngati woperekayo ali ndi chilolezo chovomerezeka chabizinesi ndi chiphaso choyenerera chamakampani.
2. Ubwino wazinthu: onetsetsani kuti zida zodzimatira zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi wogulitsa ndi zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo zimakwaniritsa miyezo yamakampani, monga CY/T 93-2013 "Printing TechnologySelf-zomatira LabelZofunikira Zapamwamba ndi Njira Zoyendera".
3. Mphamvu yopangira: kumvetsetsa kukula kwa kupanga ndi mphamvu ya wogulitsa kuti atsimikizire kuti akhoza kukwaniritsa zosowa zanu.
Kuphatikiza apo, mwatsatanetsatane, pali malingaliro amunthu otsatirawa, ongotengera okha:
1. Dziwani zosowa zanu
Musanasankhe chodzikongoletsera chodzikongoletsera, choyamba muyenera kufotokozera zosowa zanu zenizeni. Nazi mfundo zingapo zofunika:
1.1 Mtundu wazinthu ndi kukula kwa zilembo
- Dziwani mtundu wa zinthu zomatira zomwe zimafunikira, monga PE, PP kapena PVC, kutengera mawonekedwe azinthu ndi zofunikira pakuyika.
- Fotokozani za kukula kwa cholemberacho, kuphatikiza kutalika, m'lifupi ndi mawonekedwe, kuti muwonetsetse kuti cholemberacho chikugwirizana ndi zomwe zapaketi.
1.2 Zofunikira zabwino
- Dziwani milingo yamtundu wa chizindikirocho, kuphatikiza kukhuthala, kukana madzi, kukana kutentha, ndi zina zambiri, kuti mukwaniritse zosowa zakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala m'malo osiyanasiyana.
1.3 Malo ogwiritsira ntchito
- Ganizirani momwe chilengedwe chimagwiritsidwira ntchito, monga kunja, kutentha kwambiri, chinyezi kapena ultraviolet, ndikusankha zipangizo zodzimatirira zomwe zingathe kusintha.
1.4 Mtengo wa bajeti
- Malingana ndi bajeti, fufuzani mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndikusankha zipangizo zodzikongoletsera zokhazokha, poganizira za nthawi yayitali komanso kukhazikika.
1.5 Kuteteza chilengedwe ndi kukhazikika
- Kumvetsetsa momwe chilengedwe chimagwirira ntchito pazinthu zodzimatirira ndikusankha zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chilengedwe kuti zichepetse kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe.
1.6 Mapangidwe a zilembo ndi zofunikira zosindikiza
- Sankhani zida zoyenera malinga ndi kapangidwe ka zilembo kuti mutsimikizire kusindikiza ndi mtundu, ndikuganiziranso kugwirizana kwa zida zosindikizira ndiukadaulo.
1.7 Kugula kuchuluka ndi kasamalidwe ka zinthu
- Dziwitsani moyenerera kuchuluka kwa zogula potengera zomwe zikufunidwa, pewani kubweza kapena kuchepa, ndikukhazikitsa njira yoyendetsera bwino zinthu.
2. Unikani ziyeneretso za ogulitsa
2.1 Zofunikira zamakampani
Kuwunika ziyeneretso za ogulitsa ndi sitepe yoyamba posankha wodzimatira yekha. Ziyeneretso zamabizinesi zimaphatikizanso koma sizimangokhala malayisensi abizinesi, certification zamakampani, certification system management management, ndi zina zotero. Wothandizira woyenerera ayenera kukhala ndi laisensi yovomerezeka yabizinesi ndi ziphaso zoyenera zamakampani, monga satifiketi ya ISO 9001 quality management system, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kasamalidwe kabwino kazinthu kake kakukwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi.
2.2 Mphamvu zopanga
Mphamvu yopangira ndi chizindikiro chofunikira choyezera ngati wogulitsa angakwanitse kukwaniritsa zofunikira. Fufuzani zida zopangira zomwe ogulitsa, sikelo yopangira, kukhwima kwaukadaulo, ndi luso la akatswiri ogwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, wogulitsa yemwe ali ndi zida zamakono zopangira komanso mizere yopangira makina amatha kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino komanso zopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri.
2.3 Mulingo waukadaulo ndi luso la R&D
Mulingo waukadaulo ndi luso la R&D lazinthu zimakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito ndi luso lazodzimatira zokha. Kaya woperekayo ali ndi gulu lodziyimira pawokha la R&D komanso ngati akupitilizabe kuyika ndalama zake mu R&D kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndikupanga zatsopano ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwunika mphamvu zake zaukadaulo. Mwachitsanzo, ena ogulitsa amatha kukhala ndi ma patent angapo aukadaulo, omwe samangowonetsa mphamvu zake za R&D, komanso zimatsimikizira utsogoleri waukadaulo wazogulitsa.
2.4 Maluso otsimikizira bwino
Ubwino ndiye njira yoyendetsera bizinesi, ndipo mtundu wazinthu zodzimatira umakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito ndi mpikisano wamsika wazinthu zomaliza. Kuthekera kotsimikizira kwa omwe amapereka kumaphatikizapo kuwunika kwazinthu zopangira, kuwongolera njira zopangira, kuyesa kwazinthu zomalizidwa ndi maulalo ena. Kaya woperekayo ali ndi dongosolo lathunthu loyang'anira khalidwe labwino ndi ndondomeko yokhazikika yoyendetsera khalidwe ndilofunika kwambiri pakuwunika mphamvu zake zotsimikizira khalidwe.
2.5 Kuchita bizinesi ndi momwe ndalama zilili
Mayendedwe abizinesi ndi momwe chuma chikuyendera zikuwonetsa mpikisano wamsika komanso kukhazikika kwachuma kwa wogulitsa. Wopereka katundu yemwe ali ndi ntchito yokhazikika komanso wandalama wathanzi amatha kupereka chithandizo chokhazikika komanso chodalirika. Mutha kudziwa momwe wogulitsira amagwirira ntchito komanso phindu lake pofufuza lipoti lake lapachaka, malipoti azachuma ndi zina zambiri zapagulu.
2.6 Kukwaniritsa maudindo a anthu
Mabizinesi amakono akusamalira kwambiri maudindo a anthu. Wopereka katundu yemwe amakwaniritsa maudindo a anthu ndi wodalirika kwambiri. Kufufuza ngati wogulitsa akutsatira malamulo ndi malamulo a chilengedwe, kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika za umoyo wa anthu, komanso kukhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi ogwira ntchito ndi mbali zofunika kwambiri powunika udindo wa woperekayo.
2.7 Kuwunika kwamakasitomala ndi mbiri ya msika
Kuwunika kwamakasitomala ndi mbiri ya msika ndi ndemanga zachindunji zowunikira kuchuluka kwa ntchito za ogulitsa ndi mtundu wazinthu. Mutha kuphunzira za mtundu wa ntchito za ogulitsa, kusungitsa nthawi, kuthetsa mavuto, ndi zina zambiri. Wopereka katundu yemwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino yamakasitomala komanso mbiri yamsika amatha kupereka chithandizo ndi zinthu zokhutiritsa.
3. Kuwunika khalidwe la mankhwala
3.1 Kuyang'ana khalidwe la maonekedwe
Maonekedwe ndi chithunzi choyamba cha mankhwala kwa ogula. Kwa zilembo zodzimatira, kuyang'ana mawonekedwe akuwoneka ndikofunikira. Zomwe zili mkati mwazowunikira ndi:
- Kusalala kwapamtunda: Onetsetsani kuti palibe chilema monga mabampu, makwinya, thovu, ndi zina.
- Ubwino wosindikiza: Onani ngati mawonekedwewo ndi omveka bwino, mtundu wake ndi wodzaza, ndipo palibe kuwonekera, kugwa kapena kusanja bwino.
- Ubwino wa m'mphepete: M'mphepete mwake muyenera kukhala owoneka bwino komanso owongoka, opanda ma burrs, kusanja kapena kusweka.
3.2 Kuyang'ana kachitidwe ka thupi
Kuchita mwakuthupi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu choyezera kulimba ndi kudalirika kwa zilembo zodzimatira. Zoyendera zikuphatikizapo:
- Viscosity: Chizindikirocho chiyenera kukhala ndi kukhuthala koyenera, komwe kumatha kumangirizidwa mwamphamvu ndikuchotsedwa mosavuta, kupewa kukhuthala kokwanira kapena kopitilira muyeso.
- Kukana kwanyengo: Cholembacho chiyenera kukhala chomatira bwino pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, monga panja, kutentha kwambiri komanso malo achinyezi.
- Kukaniza madzi: Makamaka zolemba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panja, ziyenera kukhala zosagwirizana ndi madzi ndikusunga mayendedwe okhazikika m'malo achinyezi.
3.3 Kuyang'anira ndikuyika zilembo
Kuyika ndi kulemba zilembo ndi maulalo ofunikira poteteza kukhulupirika kwazinthu komanso kupereka zidziwitso zamalonda. Zoyendera zikuphatikizapo:
- Zida zoyikapo: Onetsetsani kuti zida zoyikapo ndizoyenera kuteteza zolemba zodzimatira komanso kupewa kuwonongeka panthawi yamayendedwe.
- Chidziwitso cha zilembo: Onani ngati cholemberacho chili chomveka bwino komanso cholondola, ndipo chili ndi chidziwitso chofunikira, monga tsiku lopanga, nambala ya batch, tsiku lotha ntchito, ndi zina zambiri.
3.4 Kutsata kwanthawi zonse ndi chiphaso
Kutsatira miyezo yoyenera yamakampani ndikupeza ziphaso ndi chinthu china chofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino:
- Tsatirani miyezo: monga CY/T 93-2013 "Printing Technology Self-adhesive Label Quality Requirements and Inspection Njira" kuti muwonetsetse kuti malondawo akukwaniritsa miyezo yamakampani.
- Kupeza satifiketi: Kudutsa ISO9001 ndi ziphaso zina zamakina owongolera zimatsimikizira kuti woperekayo ali ndi kuthekera kopereka zinthu zoyenerera.
3.5 Njira zoyendera ndi zida
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendera zolondola ndi zida ndizofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti zotsatira zoyendera zikulondola:
- Kuyang'ana m'maso: Gwiritsani ntchito nyali zokhazikika ndi zida zoyenera kuti muyang'ane mawonekedwe a zilembo.
- Mayeso a viscosity: Gwiritsani ntchito zida zaukadaulo kuyesa kukhuthala kwa zilembo kuti muwonetsetse kuti akukwaniritsa zofunikira.
- Kukana kwanyengo ndi kuyesa kukana madzi: Tsanzirani malo enieni ogwiritsira ntchito kuti muyese kukana kwanyengo komanso kukana madzi kwa zilembo.
3.6 Njira Yowongolera Ubwino
Khazikitsani njira yoyendetsera bwino kuti muwonetsetse kuti gulu lililonse lazinthu limayang'aniridwa mosamalitsa:
- Njira yopangira sampuli: pangani miyeso ndi njira zowonetsetsa kuti zitsanzozo zikuyimira.
- Kusamalira zinthu zosayenerera: ikani chizindikiro, kudzipatula ndikusamalira zinthu zosayenerera kuti zisalowe mumsika.
- Kuwongolera kosalekeza: pitilizani kukhathamiritsa mtundu wazinthu ndi njira zowunikira potengera zotsatira zowunikira komanso mayankho amsika.
4. Kusanthula mtengo ndi mtengo
4.1 Kufunika kowerengera ndalama
Kwa ogulitsa odzimatira okha, kuwerengera ndalama ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mutsimikizire phindu lamakampani komanso mpikisano. Kupyolera mu kuwerengera ndalama zolondola, ogulitsa akhoza mtengo wokwanira ndikupereka chithandizo cha deta kuti athe kuwongolera mtengo.
4.2 Kusanthula mtengo wamtengo
Mtengo wa zomatira pawokha umaphatikizapo mtengo wazinthu zopangira, mtengo wantchito, mtengo wopanga, ndi zina. Makamaka:
- Mtengo wazinthu zopangira: kuphatikiza mtengo wazinthu zoyambira monga mapepala, zomatira, inki, ndi zina zotere, zomwe ndi gawo lalikulu la mtengo wake.
- Mtengo wa ntchito: umapereka malipiro a ogwira ntchito omwe akukhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi zopanga komanso malipiro a mamanejala.
- Ndalama zopangira: kuphatikiza ndalama zokhazikika zamafakitale monga kuchepa kwa zida ndi mtengo wamagetsi.
4.3 Njira yamtengo
Popanga njira yamitengo, ogulitsa akuyenera kuganiziranso zinthu monga kukwera mtengo, mpikisano wamsika, komanso kufunikira kwamakasitomala. Mitengo sikuti imangowonetsa ndalama zokha, komanso imawonetsetsa kuti phindu likhale lokwanira komanso kupikisana kwa msika.
4.4 Njira zowongolera mtengo
Kuwongolera mtengo moyenera kumatha kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wamsika wa ogulitsa. Njira zikuphatikizapo:
- Konzani zogula: chepetsani mitengo ya mayunitsi pogula zinthu zambiri ndikusankha zida zotsika mtengo.
- Kupititsa patsogolo luso la kupanga: chepetsani zinyalala ndikuwonjezera zotulutsa zamagulu kudzera pakukweza kwaukadaulo komanso kukhathamiritsa.
- Chepetsani ndalama zomwe sizili zachindunji: konzani kasamalidwe koyenera ndikuchepetsa zowonongera zosafunikira.
4.5 Mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa mtengo ndi mtengo
Pali mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa mtengo ndi mtengo. Zinthu monga kusinthasintha kwamitengo yamsika komanso kusintha kwamitengo yamafuta kukhudza mtengo wa chinthu chomaliza. Otsatsa amafunika kusintha njira zawo zowongolera mtengo kuti agwirizane ndi kusintha kwa msika.
5. Malingaliro a utumiki ndi chithandizo
5.1 luso lothandizira luso
Posankha wodzipangira yekha, chithandizo chaukadaulo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri. Kaya woperekayo ali ndi gulu laukadaulo ndipo atha kupereka chithandizo chanthawi yake komanso chothandiza paukadaulo ndi mayankho ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kupanga bwino. Malinga ndi kusanthula kwa msika, ogulitsa apamwamba nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi izi:
- Gulu laukadaulo: Khalani ndi gulu laukadaulo lomwe mamembala ake ali ndi luso lazopangapanga komanso mbiri yakale.
- Kuthamanga kwamayankhidwe: Kutha kuyankha mwachangu pazosowa ndi zovuta zamakasitomala ndikupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo munthawi yake.
- Mayankho: Kutha kupereka mayankho makonda malinga ndi zosowa za makasitomala.
5.2 Mulingo Wothandizira Makasitomala
Utumiki wamakasitomala ndi chizindikiro china chofunikira choyezera kuchuluka kwa ntchito zaopereka. Utumiki wabwino kwambiri wamakasitomala ungapangitse kukhutitsidwa kwamakasitomala ndikukhazikitsa ubale wamgwirizano wanthawi yayitali. Izi ndi mbali zingapo zowunikira kuchuluka kwa ntchito zamakasitomala:
- Mkhalidwe wautumiki: Kaya woperekayo ali ndi malingaliro abwino pantchito ndipo amatha kuyankha moleza mtima mafunso a kasitomala.
- Njira zothandizira: Kaya akupereka njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira, monga foni, imelo, makasitomala a pa intaneti, ndi zina zotero, kuti akwaniritse zosowa za makasitomala osiyanasiyana.
- Kuchita bwino kwautumiki: Kuthetsa bwino kwamavuto kumatheka bwanji, kaya kumatha kuthetsa mavuto amakasitomala mkati mwa nthawi yolonjezedwa.
5.3 Pambuyo-kugulitsa ntchito dongosolo
Dongosolo lathunthu lautumiki pambuyo pa malonda limatha kupatsa makasitomala chithandizo chopitilira ndikuchepetsa nkhawa. Zotsatirazi ndi mfundo zingapo zofunika pakuwunika kachitidwe kantchito pambuyo pogulitsa:
- Ndondomeko yachitsimikizo: Kodi wogulitsa amapereka ndondomeko yomveka bwino ya chitsimikizo cha malonda ndipo kodi nthawi ya chitsimikizo ndiyoyenera?
- Ntchito yokonza: Kodi imapereka chithandizo chothandizira kukonza, ndipo nthawi yoyankhira yokonza ndi yotani?
- Chalk Chalk: Kodi ingapereke zowonjezera zokwanira kuti muchepetse kuchedwa kwapang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha zovuta zowonjezera?
5.4 Kuwongolera kosalekeza komanso zatsopano
Kaya woperekayo ali ndi kuthekera kopitiliza kukonza ndi kupanga zatsopano ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la mautumiki ndi malingaliro othandizira. Izi sizingokhudzana ndi ngati wogulitsa angakwaniritse zosowa za makasitomala kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kupikisana kwake pamakampani. Mukamayesa, mungaganizire:
- Makina opititsa patsogolo: Kodi wogulitsa ali ndi njira zonse zosinthira zinthu ndi mayankho, ndipo amatha kukhathamiritsa zinthu mosalekeza kutengera msika komanso mayankho amakasitomala.
- Kuthekera kwatsopano: Kodi wogulitsa ali ndi kuthekera kopanga zinthu zatsopano kuti zigwirizane ndi kusintha kwa msika komanso zosowa zatsopano zamakasitomala.
- Kusintha kwaukadaulo: Kodi wogulitsa amasintha ukadaulo pafupipafupi kuti apitilize kupita patsogolo komanso kupikisana kwazinthu.
6. Malo ndi mayendedwe
Malo a malo ndikofunika kuganizira posankha wodzipangira yekha, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji mtengo wa katundu, nthawi yobweretsera komanso kukhazikika kwa chain chain.
6.1 Zokhudza mtengo wamayendedwe
Malo omwe amapereka amatsimikizira mtengo wamayendedwe. Kusankha wogulitsa yemwe ali ndi malo oyandikana nawo kungathe kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zogulira katundu, makamaka pogula zambiri, ndipo ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa pamayendedwe zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala phindu la kampani.
6.2 Nthawi yotumizira
Malo a malo a wogulitsa amakhudzanso nthawi yobweretsera. Otsatsa omwe ali ndi malo oyandikana nawo amatha kubweretsa mwachangu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwamakampani omwe amafunikira kuyankha mwachangu pakufuna kwa msika.
6.3 Kukhazikika kwa chain chain
Kuyenerera kwa malo omwe ali ndi malo kumagwirizananso ndi kukhazikika kwa njira zothandizira. Chifukwa cha zinthu zosayembekezereka monga masoka achilengedwe kapena chipwirikiti cha ndale, ogulitsa omwe ali ndi malo oyandikana nawo atha kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikupitirirabe.
6.4 Njira yoyankhira
Posankha wopangira zomatira, makampani akuyenera kuganizira zokhazikitsa ma network osiyanasiyana ogulitsa, kuphatikiza ogulitsa omwe ali m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuti achepetse kuopsa kwa wogulitsa m'modzi chifukwa cha malo.
6.5 Technology ndi zipangizo
Kuphatikiza pa malo, zida zogwirira ntchito komanso ukadaulo wa ogulitsa ndizofunikiranso. Dongosolo logwira ntchito bwino loyang'anira zinthu komanso malo osungiramo zinthu zapamwamba amatha kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwa katundu panthawi yamayendedwe.
6.6 Zinthu zachilengedwe
Zinthu zachilengedwe, monga nyengo, zitha kukhudzanso magwiridwe antchito. Mwachitsanzo, nyengo yoopsa ingachedwetse kunyamula katundu, choncho n’kwanzeru kusankha ogulitsa amene angagwirizane ndi mmene zinthu zilili m’dera lanulo ndiponso amene angatsutse.
6.7 Kuunika kwathunthu
Posankha wopangira zomatira, makampani akuyenera kuwunika mozama zomwe zingakhudze malo omwe ali, kuphatikiza mtengo, nthawi, kukhazikika ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, kuti apange chisankho chabwino kwambiri.
7. Kuteteza chilengedwe ndi kukhazikika
7.1 Miyezo ya chilengedwe ndi ziphaso
Posankha wothandizira wodzimatira, miyezo ya chilengedwe ndi ziphaso ndizofunika kwambiri. Kaya woperekayo ali ndi satifiketi ya ISO 14001 Environmental Management System komanso ngati ikutsatira malamulo okhudza chilengedwe monga malangizo a RoHS a EU ndi njira zofunika kwambiri pakuwunika kudzipereka kwake kwachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati wogulitsa akugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zobwezerezedwanso kapena zinthu zochokera ku bio ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha momwe chilengedwe chimagwirira ntchito.
7.2 Zochita zokhazikika
Zochita zokhazikika za woperekayo zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kuyang'anira zinyalala ndi chitetezo cha madzi pakupanga. Wodziphatika bwino wodzimatira adzagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zopulumutsira mphamvu kuti achepetse mpweya wa carbon, kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu ochepetsera zinyalala ndi kubwezeretsanso, ndikuchitapo kanthu pofuna kuteteza madzi kuti awonetsetse kuti ntchito zake zopanga zisawononge chilengedwe.
7.3 Kasamalidwe ka Green Supply Chain
Kasamalidwe ka Green Supply Chain ndiye chinsinsi chowonetsetsa kuti njira yonse yopangira ndi kugulitsa zinthu ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso kukhazikika. Kaya woperekayo wakhazikitsa ndondomeko yogula zinthu zobiriwira, zida zosankhidwa zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chilengedwe, komanso kugwirizana ndi ogulitsa omwe amayang'ananso chitukuko chokhazikika ndizofunika kwambiri powunika momwe ntchito yake ikuyendera.
7.4 Kuyang'anira Zokhudza Zachilengedwe
Ogulitsa amayenera kuwunika pafupipafupi kuti adziwe komanso kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa ntchito zomwe akupanga pa chilengedwe. Izi zikuphatikiza kuwunika momwe maulalo osiyanasiyana amathandizira, monga kugula zinthu, kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kutaya kwazinthu zachilengedwe, ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti zitheke.
7.5 Udindo wa Pagulu
Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zachilengedwe, udindo wapagulu wa ogulitsa ndiwonso gawo lofunikira pakukhazikika. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuonetsetsa kuti antchito awo amasangalala ndi ntchito zabwino, malipiro oyenera komanso malo ogwirira ntchito otetezeka komanso athanzi, komanso kutenga maudindo a anthu ammudzi, monga kuthandizira maphunziro a m'deralo ndi ntchito zachifundo.
7.6 Kufuna kwa Makasitomala ndi Msika
Monga ogula'Zofunikira pazachilengedwe komanso zokhazikika zimakula, ogulitsa amafunika kutsatira zomwe zikuchitika pamsika ndikupereka zinthu zodzimatira zomwe zimakwaniritsa izi. Izi zitha kutanthauza kupanga zida zatsopano zoteteza chilengedwe, kapena kukonza zinthu zomwe zilipo kale kuti zichepetse kuwononga chilengedwe.
7.7 Kutsata Malamulo ndi Kuwonetsetsa
Otsatsa akuyenera kutsatira malamulo onse okhudzana ndi chilengedwe ndikusunga kuwonekera poyang'anira kasamalidwe ka chain chain. Izi zikutanthawuza kuulula ndondomeko zawo zachilengedwe, machitidwe ndi zomwe akwaniritsa, komanso kupereka lipoti lazachilengedwe zikachitika.
Lumikizanani nafe tsopano!
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Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-13-2024